Editorial
Dear friends,
Here we are back, launching another issue of the Eucalyptus Newsletter.
Included, there are lots of valuable technical information and some curiosities
about the eucalyptus.
In this edition, we are also releasing the second chapter of the Eucalyptus
Online Book, titled:
"Mineral
elements and nutrients in the trees of the eucalyptus: environmental,
physiological, silvicultural and industrial aspects about
the minerals present in the eucalyptus trees" (only available in
Portuguese untill February 2006)
In this chapter, I decided to continue using the same writing style
of the past chapter, introducing both forestry and industrial subjects,
since they are related in many instances. I have always had a special
attraction about the issues related to forest site sustainability: the
needs to respect the natural resources and to defend an environmental
quality to the plantation forests. For this reason, after a first chapter
dealing with the importance of the eucalyptus tree bark, I decided to
write now about the minerals and nutrients of the trees. These same minerals
that come into the mills following the woods in their chemical compositions.
Also, the same minerals that are exported from the forest soils. In case
we do nothing about, the forest soils will become weaker and poorer.
I guess this subject may be considered an extension of the past chapter.
I hope you may like this wide revision I've made about this topic. It
is available to you for downloading and reading. In case you eventually
like it, please, feel free to send it as a recommendation to your friends.
The next two editions of the Eucalyptus
Online Book and Newsletter are
to bring to you the first and second chapters of the book, but written
in English. From March 2006 onwards, the book chapters are to come every
two months, both in English and Portuguese. My goal is to have the book
and the newsletter in a monthly basis, as soon as possible. After all,
I have a list of 160 chapters to write in this project, and timing is
fundamental to pursue this target.
Just in case you are not registered yet to receive the Newsletter, and
the book chapters attached to it, do it immediately. There are no costs
involved. Please, use the short cut Click
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In this edition of the newsletter, I've tried to offer many interesting
things about the eucalyptus. All for your fun, during the time you are
also learning.
Thanks very much. We are very thankful for your continuous support to
our project.
Celso Foelkel
http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br
http://www.eucalyptus.com.br
In
this Edition:
Chapter
of the Eucalyptus Online Book
"Mineral
elements and nutrients in the trees of the eucalyptus: environmental,
physiological, silvicultural and industrial aspects about the
minerals present in the eucalyptus trees"
Technical
References in the Virtual Literature
1. Proceedings
of the International Conference "Eucalypt Plantations:
Improving Fibre Yield and Quality" CRCTHF-IUFRO, 1995
2. Proceedings
of the Symposium "Hybrid Breeding and Genetics of
Forest Trees" QFRI/CRC-SPF, 2000
3. Editions of
the "Boletim de Pesquisa Florestal" (
Forestry Research Bulletin) from EMBRAPA FLORESTAS
4. Technical
article "Using
tree physiology to better understand the effect of environmental factors
on wood fibre properties"
Euca-links
1. Australia Plants - The genera Eucalyptus, Corymbia e Angophora
2. Association of Societies for Growing Australian Plants ( ASGAP)
3. ECOCROP - a website from FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization
of the United Nations
Technical mini-article by
Celso Foelkel
Eucalyptus: the tallest and most productive trees on Earth...
Chapter
of the Eucalyptus Online Book
"Mineral
elements and nutrients in the trees of the eucalyptus: environmental,
physiological, silvicultural and industrial aspects about
the minerals present in the eucalyptus trees" (only
available in Portuguese untill February 2006) (2,618 Mb in
PDF)
Celso
Foelkel (October 2005)
<<
click to download Adobe Acrobat Reader - free download.
Technical
References in the Virtual Literature
Proceedings
of the International Conference
"Eucalypt
Plantations: Improving Fibre Yield and Quality"
CRCTHF-IUFRO, Hobart, Tasmania,Australia, 1995
http://www.forestry.crc.org.au/iufro95.htm
Summary: This is definitively an unlosable website about the eucalyptus.
Those wondering to learn more about forest genetics, tree breeding,
genomics, improvements of forest productivity and wood quality, emerging
technologies, as well as the ways to transfer forest science to technological
utilizations, are invited to come to visit it. About 130 papers are
available for download, something not usual to be found so complete
and accessible as it is here. CRC is the Cooperative Research Centre
for Sustainable Production, an organization comprising private companies
and Australian governmental entities. The aim is to study and to
develop fundamental research and practical technologies to the forest
based industry.
Proceedings
of the Symposium
"Hybrid
Breeding and Genetics of Forest Trees"
QFRI/CRC-SPF,
Noosa, Queensland, Australia, 2000
http://www.forestry.crc.org.au/hybrid.htm
Summary: Another great website, with about 80 very
updated technical papers about the modern techniques for tree breeding
and forest genetics. Most of the papers are related to eucalyptus
species.
Editions
of the Boletim de Pesquisa Florestal
( Forestry Research Bulletin) a publication from EMBRAPA FLORESTAS
http://ww2.cnpf.embrapa.br/internet/internet/boletim/index.htm
Summary: In this website, it is possible to find
for download the articles included in about 50 editions of the Forestry
Research Bulletin, an online publication issued by EMBRAPA Florestas.
Each edition has from 4 to 10 articles, many of them dealing with
eucalyptus subjects. The articles are in Portuguese, but with English
summaries.
Technical
Article
Using
tree physiology to better understand the effect of environmental
factors on wood fibre properties
por
Shayne M. Jacobs & David M. Drew
http://tappsa.co.za/archive/APPW2002/Title/
Using_tree_physiology/using_tree_physiology.html
Summary: The authors had the purpose to discuss
the environmental and physiological aspects related to the formation
of xylem and its fibers, having eucalyptus as reference species.
They recommend ways to undestand and to foresee the most desired
wood quality properties, based on these factors.
Euca
Links
1.
Australia Plants - The genera Eucalyptus, Corymbia and Angophora
http://www.australiaplants.com/eucalyptus.htm
http://www.australiaplants.com/corymbia.htm
http://www.australiaplants.com/angophora.htm
In the above website addressess , it is possible to
learn more about many of the species from the genera Eucalyptus, Corymbia
and Angophora. These three genera are quite well related, botanically
speaking. The website www.australiaplants.com, contrary as it could
be thought, it is an American website, from the Windmill Outback Nursery,
located in the state of Virginia.You may see how widely spread are
the eucalyptus in a worldwide basis. In case they are not being planted
for industrial purposes, they may be also used for gardening and for
embellishing the landscape, as ornamental plants.
2. Association of Societies for Growing Australian Plants
( ASGAP)
http://farrer.riv.csu.edu.au/ASGAP/sgap1.html
In
this webpage, it is possible to locate valuable technical information
about Australian plants such as Eucalyptus and Acacia,
and many other species too. There are two interesting sub-pages, the
Eucalyptus Page and the Acacia Page. In these pages, you are to find
what they call species guides, methods for cultivations and propagation,
pictures, etc.
3.
ECOCROP - a website from FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization
of the United Nations
http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/home
This page is to be very helpful to all those wondering
to know the most appropriate species of trees to be planted on question
mark areas, based on the data about climate (temperature, rainfall,
sunshine distribution) and soil quality (pH, texture, depth, salinity
and fertility) .
Technical
mini-article by Celso Foelkel
Eucalyptus:
the tallest and most productive trees on Earth...
We
all know very well the great ability of the eucalyptus trees to grow
in volume. After all, they are world
leaders in forest productivity,
when cultivated in plantations. By luck, but not incidentally, due
to our technical expertise, these trees have elected the Brazilian
lands for growing so fast and so efficiently. Here, they have found
favorable ecosystems and appropriate conditions for growing: soils,
climate, forest technology, research & development, and many enthusiastic
people about them. All these factors were important to allow eucalyptus
growth rates to reach averages of 40 – 50 m³/ha.year, with
harvests from plantation ages 6 to 8 years. There are also improved
commercial forests growing close to 60 m³/ha.year. In these cases,
they are top genetically upgraded trees, with excellent silvicultural
management.
However,
few people are aware about the fact that the eucalyptus trees are
also regarded as the tallest
trees on Earth. Usually, when we talk
about giant trees, immediately it comes to our minds, the images of
the California redwoods (Sequoia sempervirens) or the Oregon
Douglas-firs (Pseudotsuga menziesii). These trees are well
known because they are protected in excellent American natural parks,
and they have become
important tourist attractions. Nevertheless, the tallest trees in the
world are no longer alive, but they were eucalyptus trees. There are,
and there were, fantastic giant trees in Australia, mainly in Tasmania.
Some of the today’s still alive giant trees, are threatened by
their fragile health or because the harvest by humans, wondering to
expand the agricultural frontier, or to export wood chips. Fortunately,
the Australian government is taking strong measures to protect these
trees, a world's natural heritage. The most common examples of the
gigantic eucalyptus are those growing at the Styx, Florentine and Arve
valleys, in Tasmania. The tallest trees are Eucalyptus regnans, E.delegatensis,
E.globulus, E.obliqua and E.viminalis. In
the Tasmanian valleys, there are still many healthy trees, with over
300 years of age, and over
80 meters in height. There are proven evidences that some of the eucalyptus
giant trees were over 130 meters high. Two of them, (both E.regnans),
are very famous, because they are considered to be the tallest trees
ever measured by
the man. One is known as "Ferguson tree", which died due
to a forest fire. It was over 150 meters in height and the diameter
was about 5.5 meters. Something unbelievable. Another example is the "Robinson
tree", with 143 meters high. Today, we no longer have in Australia
trees as high as these two. But, some "small giants", from
80 – 100 meters may be still found in the Australian continent.
To
know more about these giant trees, to see incredible pictures, and
to read some interesting articles, please, go to visit the indicated
websites. I strongly suggest to you to visit all of them, because each
one is going to surprise you, mainly with amazing and unexpected images
of these trees.
https://www.google.com/search?q=%22ferguson+tree%22+eucalyptus&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjVkJ_ gvevpAhUzBbkGHRaZAEsQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=%22ferguson+tree%22+eucalyptus&gs_lcp= CgNpbWcQDFAAWABgiUBoAHAAeACAAQCIAQCSAQCYAQCqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZw&sclient= img&ei=0qbaXtXfN7OK5OUPlrKC2AQ&bih=625&biw=1366
and
http://www.centralflorestal.com.br/2016/08/veja-quais-sao-as-arvores-mais-altas-do.html
Eucalyptus
Newsletter is a merely technical online bulletin, containing
articles and information about eucalyptus forestry and
industrial utilization
Technical
coordination - Celso Foelkel
celso@celso-foelkel.com.br
Webmaster / editing - Alessandra Foelkel
Celsius Degree: Phone (+55-51) 3338-4809
Copyright © 2005-2006
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