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Eucalyptus: Doubts, Creeds, Myths, Facts e Realities

Part 01: The opinion of the "contrary interested parties"

The Eucalyptus trees are able to bring emotions that travel from the most pure love and admiration to the most warm positions against their planting. These contradictory viewpoints exist in different regions of our planet. Some of these negative positioning are strongly attached to political or religious ideologies; other are result of mistakes made by the plantation forest sector some decades ago, mostly based on the silvicultural technologies available on those times. Another thing we cannot forget is that the Eucalyptus trees grow so well and so fast that to everyone, incidentally or not, is giving the chance to pay attention to them. For these reasons and for others, there are millions of literature citations about the Eucalyptus in articles, interviews, scientific papers, columns in newspapers, reports and studies. It is quite right that the Eucalyptus are, among the trees, one of the few to deserve this honor to be so much referenced by the literature. Surely, as in any democracy it should be, the opinions are divided. This is very healthy, since different points of views may be drivers for changes and improvements. I'm quite sure that some of the environmentally friendly technologies being adopted in the Eucalyptus plantation forestry are result, in some extent, to the criticism placed by some NGOs or by the midia, or because some researches that have pointed negative impacts. The negative opinions are important to bring a chance for reflections and eventually to show new routes to be followed in our process and operations.

I have always believed that the best way to understand the opinions placed against ours is to clearly hear them. If we do not do this, and try to warmly defend our points, without understanding the someone else views, the conflict is absolutely inevitable. It is much better to use the dialogue to try to find common points or roads of understanding. For this reason, I have decided to create this section in our Eucalyptus Newsletter: my purpose is not to present magnificent arguments in favor of the Eucalyptus or to clarify the doubts by myself. What I intend to do is to offer to all of you the chance to navigate in selected references available in the web. Some are in favor, some against. To those who admire the Eucalyptus, as myself, the reading of contrary points may disclose some new points for reflections. I hope that the contrary parties may also have a chance to think about the thousands of positive contributions of the Eucalyptus to Mankind, as the next edition will show. They may also get acquainted to the more sustainable technologies and attitudes being now-a-days adopted in the plantation forest segment. I'm not considering to indicate to you the literature based or sustained just on ideologies, although they are frequent. My selection is more related to technical issues, either to those writing in favor or against the Eucalyptus. However, I've discovered that it is inevitable to disconnect the contraries from some ideological points that are rooted to the negative views they have about the Eucalyptus and about the Eucalyptus planters.

I have written several articles in the Eucalyptus Newsletter about these contradictory points. I have written about the planted forests of Eucalyptus and the water consumption, about the biodiversity impacts, and recently about the soil conservation. In this edition, I'm bringing to you another mini-article, this time opening the positive points and the benefits achieved when planting Eucalyptus forests, and also the negative ones, with the associated risks. For these last ones, it is given the recommendation to care about them to minimize the negative impacts on the operations. Emphasizing these points in my mini-articles, I understand I'm bringing my contribution to better inform the Society about the importance of the Eucalyptus for people's welfare and how to grow them with minimum impact to the environment.

In the next edition, I'll bring a selection of articles and speeches in favor to the Eucalyptus. Some of them are very good papers clarifying many of the doubts someone may have about the Eucalyptus. I'm sure that some of the myths will be destroyed by the facts will be presented. But this is to happen in Eucalyptus Newsletter number 16. This today edition is to show only the "contrary parties" viewpoints. We are to hear and read from them first. I understand that their voices may give us some additional inputs in the direction of the aimed sustainability. Curiously, it was difficult to find contrary parties arguments based on sound science. Seldom we could find technical and scientific articles to sustain the negative points about the Eucalyptus in the contrary parties arguments and websites. On the other hand, these NGOs and many of their members are excellent in communications and to promote their points based on emotions. Even the events organized by relevant universities and engineering institutions had speakers emphasizing more the ideologies and the creeds than showing scientific proofs of the myths. Anyhow, we are able to see in other cases, a hybrid of political positions and also technical considerations, for this reason also indicated in this selection.

In the next Eucalyptus Newsletter, we'll have the explanations coming from renowned scientists from Brazilian universities and technical people from the forestry sector. Be patient. I'm counting with your visit to both parts of this section.

Unfortunately, to those not used to the Portuguese language, most of the references are in this idiom.

Websites of some active NGOs campaigning contrary to the Eucalyptus plantations

WRM - World Rainforest Movement. (Uruguay)
WRM is one of the most active NGOs in Latin America, leading a Latin American network of NGO's combating what they call the monocultures of trees.
http://www.wrm.org.uy
http://www.wrm.org.uy/plantations/index.html (Campaign against the forest monocultures)

FASE - Federacao de Orgaos para Assistencia Social e Educacional. (Brazil)
FASE is a Brazilian NGO involved both in social and environmental issues and campaigns. They are members of a NGOs network combating what they refer as "green deserts" or "tree monocultures". They have several publications available in the website questioning the forest plantations, with strong emphasis on the negative social impacts. The most renowned of these publications is the one titled "Certifying the uncertifiable", edited by WRM.
http://www.fase.org.br/_fase
http://www.fase.org.br/projetos/clientes/noar/noar/UserFiles/
12/File/Rede_alerta/Documentos/550_wrm.pdf

Latin America Network against the Tree Monocultures (Several countries in Latin America)
All NGOs that are members of this network are presented in Chilean OLCA website (Observatorio Latinoamericano de Conflictos Ambientales)
http://www.olca.cl/oca/monocultivo/red.htm

NatBrasil - Nucleo Amigos da Terra. (Brazil)
This Rio Grande do Sul NGO belongs to the "Friends of the Earth" network. They are showing strong opposition to the plantation of Eucalyptus and Pinus forests in the South of Brazil. They are campaigning very consistently with a well-documented website. The handbook "O Pampa em disputa" presents their vision about the plantation of forests in central Rio Grande do Sul, in a very illustrative brochure. Have a look :
http://www.natbrasil.org.br/monocultura.htm
http://www.natbrasil.org.br/Docs/monoculturas/cartilha_pampa_sustentabilidade.pdf

Articles, speeches, and reports providing arguments against the Eucalyptus

Danos reais e potenciais das monoculturas de arvores exoticas sobre as comunidades e biota regional. Event having several speakers at UFSM - Federal University of Santa Maria. Some speeches are available in PowerPoint for downloading. Unfortunately, some of the speeches are more political than technical. (2007)
http://www.multiweb.ufsm.br/web/cpdeventos/?controle=detalhes&categoria=6&id=62

O "no" do eucalipto: a sustentabilidade da silvicultura na metade sul. S.A.Anesi. Hydrological Resources Seminar "The Eucalyptus and the Hydrological Cycle". University of Taubate. 8 pp. (2007)
http://agro.unitau.br:8080/dspace/bitstream/2315/119/1/351-358.pdf

Curiosities and Oddities about the Eucalyptus
by Ester Foelkel
(http://www.celso-foelkel.com.br/ester.html)

In this edition*: The Eucalyptus being used to the Production of Bonsais

Bonsai is the art to develop trees, that would naturally grow high and big, in small recipients or trays. These miniature trees are developed thanks to pruning, thinning, root reduction and bending techniques for better conduction and formation. The Bonsais first started over more than 10 centuries ago in China, and got improved in Japan, place from where the name bonsai came: Bon = recipient or tray, sai = tree. Generally, the bonsai represents the adult tree format or an entire forest in dwarfing size with 18 to 80 cm high. Furthermore, there are also the such called macro-bonsais. They are bigger than 1 meter and can be developed up to 2 m high.

The bonsai age is identified through its root system, that starts to appear above the recipient ground level, and by the trunk, that becomes thick with big diameter, like an old tree trunk would be on natural form. Many species of Eucalyptus can be used for this purpose.

The Eucalyptus bonsai techniques are frequently found among the Australians, where this tree is indigenous from. However, thanks to the good characteristics for becoming a bonsai, we can find miniature Eucalyptus in all parts of the world. This is also valid for beginners in the bonsai art. Some bonsai specialists tell that the principles of this art are relatively hard to learn in the beginning, but after it becomes extremely grateful and captivating.

To make an Eucalyptus tree bonsai you must know the tree biology and to study first its natural shapes as well, before starting pruning for the bonsai formation. Generally, the Eucalyptus bonsais come from seed, but they can also be done with vegetative propagation of seedlings, through cutting and cloning techniques, if the bonsai-maker has this knowledge.

The seedlings can be produced by the bonsai-maker, acquired from commercial nurseries or obtained from natural germination seedlings at the environment. The unsuitable environmental factors imposed to the plants development lead them to interesting natural forms, as much alike a bonsai. These characteristics are very much appreciated by the bonsai-growers. The natural growing Eucalyptus seedling is the ideal plant for this purpose, due to its owns style. All plants may be pest and disease-free. Phytosanitary problems can be harmful for the bonsai development, specially because the plant is already stressed under pruning, thinning, bending and reductions methods.

The Eucalyptus vigor and the ability to shooting and sprouting along the year make them very appreciated as bonsais. Other important Eucalyptus characteristics that are desired by bonsai collectors: all year green, flexibility for different bonsai formats, ornamental trunks, bark with intense color; distinct shapes, color and nice smell leaves.

Eucalyptus globulus also known as white Eucalyptus is the most frequently used species for bonsais. It’s a fast-growing species, with silver bluish leaves colors and smooth bark alternating white and green shades. Other species also requested as bonsai are: E.gunnii, E. melliodora, which are less vigorous and Corymbia citriodora (Eucalyptus citriodora), appreciated by the smell of the leaves (essential oils). E. archeri, E. coccifera, E. nicholii, E. parvula and E. vernicosa are commonly used as macro-bonsais in Australia. They have small leaves, a well-desired characteristic for the success of these techniques.

Almost all Eucalyptus need direct sun light for growing well. So, they should be exposed to solar radiation from the beginning of Spring. In general, a climatization period using a shadow wire for one week is required when climate changes may be harmful to the bonsais. It is also important a Winter resting period to the plant, to reduce the vegetation. This rest gives plant benefits, helping its better development later when climate becomes suitable again. In Spring time, plant shooting starts and the plant needs again a climatization step prior to be taken to a place with direct sunshine. Irrigation is important, but do not forget the Eucalyptus do not like excess of water in their roots.

Pruning and fertilization are recommended before starting the vegetative period. N-P-K or capsule fertilizers specialized for bonsais can be found on the market. The application of these products should be done during the Summer and on small quantities on Winter time. Manure and compost, if well-applied, are also welcome for good bonsai development.

Both the young Eucalyptus bonsai plants and the old ones may be tied with wires or lines during six to eight months to obtain the desired and most appropriate shapes in the plants. In a two or three years basis, a cosmetic pruning before shooting is recommended for cutting the damaged or excessive roots, branches and twigs. The early formation pruning must begin during the same time of the year, starting with the removal of the main axial root (the central one). After that, the plant is transferred to the tray. It is important that the bonsai plant does not have a taproot system. This is an advantage to the vegetative propagated seedlings.

The most appropriate soil for Eucalyptus bonsais should be those well-drained and low-fertilized to better bonsai-makers working the form of the plant. Intense vegetation is undesirable.

Most Eucalyptus species when are young bonsais they have a visible lignotuber just above the ground level. It’s a reserve tissue near the base of the stem of the plant, helping it on fast recovery specially when the axial primary stem is damaged by fire, insect or other herbivorous attacks. Many people wrongly cut the lignotuber for not knowing that this act may harm and stress the plant or even lead it to death. The lignotuber should be maintained and managed because it gives the ideal shooting for the desired bonsai style. In addition to that, the lignotuber is completely surrounded by the trunk, roots and branches after the bonsai grows to the adult age, becoming an important evidence of the bonsai age. The most conventional Eucalyptus bonsai styles are: formal erect, informal erect and slightly bent (inclined).

The formal erect style is commonly used for the major Eucalyptus species. As the tree grows, its trunk become thicker, without any curvature. So, the twigs should be disposed in an alternate pattern on the primary trunk. The informal style respect the tree deformations (trunk and twigs bends) caused by the stringent environmental factors. The slightly bent style try to simulate the inclined trees found on Nature. Dominant wind and geographical disadvantages drive the tree trunk to a bent or inclined style. The twigs or branches in this style must be vertical, without any inclination.

According to Roger Hnatiuk, an Australian native plants bonsai expert, another well-known Eucalyptus style is the "mallee". This style also takes what we are able to watch on Nature and to reproduce it in small scales. If the species has heavy branches and long trunks, so it should show as a bonsai. Miniature Eucalyptus forests can be reproduced in the mallee style. They can have very long and erect trunks or alternatively short, tortuous or thick ones.

To access wonderful Eucalyptus bonsai pictures, its production techniques, pruning and shape styles go to the indicated websites as suggested below. There, you can also learn a lot more about the styles of the bonsais and the most recommended species of Eucalyptus. Find out more information about the art of the bonsais and their beauty, specially when they made with the Eucalyptus:

*The Eucalyptus bonsai picture presented in the introduction of this section was kindly provided by the Friend of the Eucalyptus Mr. Gustavo Iglesias Trabado.

Gustavo Iglesias Trabado, or our dear friend Gus, as he likes to be called, is no doubts about one of the best Eucalyptus' friends. There are several ways to be defined as a friend of the Eucalyptus. One of them, is being a scientist, developing innovative researches to enrich the knowledge about these great trees. Another one is to definitively be someone in permanent love to these eucalyptic species, as it would be said by Gus. There are several ways to prove this friendship, and Gustavo is well-acquainted to put them into practice. Although not being a scientist or an academic researcher, Gus is a great defender and an applied science endless studious about the Eucalyptus. Furthermore, he tries to disseminate all good knowledge that may help the better understanding to the interested parties in the Society.

Gustavo Iglesias is a young man who was born in Galicia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_ (Spain), in the city of Lugo, Spain, in 1978. Although young, he has had his great efforts in favor of the Eucalyptus well-renowned, both due to his professional activities, but also due to the creative manner he discovered to promote his friends Eucalyptus. Soon, I will introduce to you his blog "Eucalyptologics", a very well-elaborated digital messenger to scatter news about the genus Eucalyptus. We are being partners in this purpose to transfer knowledge about the Eucalyptus. We have had many talks by e-mail messages, but we never had a chance to meet each other personally. Well, we are living a new era in Earth, aren't we? On the other hand, as it is well said by Mathematics principles, the good Eucalyptus friends, are also friends, isn't correct?

Gustavo had forest engineering classes at the Superior Polytechnic College in Lugo, University of Santiago de Compostela. For several of his own reasons, he decided to have the course unfinished, leaving the university to go to the professional life in subjects related to forestry (technical assistance and support to rural farmers, seedling production, practical issues on forestry, etc). Soon, he discovered the need to be in continuous updating process, since new forest issues are always coming with force: forest certification, forest plantation productivity improvements, cloned trees, sustainable forest management, agroforestry systems, forest soil management, etc. For this reason, Gustavo is a frequent participant in the Iberian forestry seminars and congresses. He considers to be vital to stay in the state-of-the-art knowledge with regard to forest plantations, with special focus on the Eucalyptus ones. However, he does not satisfy himself only learning new things, he also needs to transfer this fresh new knowledge to other interested people. He is being very successful on doing this, believe me.

Along the practice in forestry themes on his professional career, he has soon faced an intriguing question: the Eucalyptus trees are very popular in Spain, they are very much planted by farmers, but "would they be evil or blessed by God trees?" How to defend planting Eucalyptus in the dialogue to farmers with this type of doubt? In consideration to all these myths and doubts, Gustavo decided to study, but to study as much as he could to clarify these points, both to him and to those people he had to work with. He discovered an incomplete social perception about this controversial issue; he also could notice the important negative advertising being promoted by some NGOs; and the forestry academic segment was being shy, slow and modest to communicate and to clarify Society with clear and reliable information. All these findings were drivers for additional motivation to grab as much information as he could, both positive and negative. He had to read, to study and to take his own conclusions, keeping a neutral and unbiased position. The information arrived in new and old paper books, in the format of digital files or websites to be navigated, etc. Some were bought, others sent as recommendation or even by gift from friends. His library was becoming rich on knowledge, and today Gustavo claims to have one of the major worldwide sources of technical and scientific information about the Eucalyptus. I believe that both Gustavo and myself, we may have thousand of thousands of pages with knowledge about our Eucalyptus friends.

After obtaining this good fundamental knowledge in the literature, he went working but at the same time, grabbing practical details about the cultivation of the Eucalyptus in Northern Spain. He has soon become used to the reality of the Eucalyptus plantations providing raw material to farmers and to a growing industry based on the wood coming from these forests. Being an enthusiast for pictures, he is taking tens of thousands of shots to allow better understanding and also to compare the evolution of the Eucalyptus planted forests along the time. He also started to compare the Spain reality to the Eucalyptus forestry in other countries as Portugal, Brazil, France, etc. "Observing, measuring, comparing, registering, understanding: these are the basics for applied science", he concludes.

His forest consulting company GIT-Forestry started in 2001 as a process of "reverse consulting", "asking and not giving answers". At the same time the questions were being rose and new doubts were appearing, the answers could be searched with determination: everybody in the process could learn more. A wide knowledge network was created including forest companies, scientific and technical organizations, universities, government agencies, knowledge generation and transfer entities, etc. The excellence being searched where it could be: in Spain or outside the country borders. The topics related to the Eucalyptus have become predominant and every day with increased importance.

From 2004 onwards, new needs had to be placed in the forest business: a wider view in the production and supply chain to the wood based industry became essential. Some strong demands for sustainability came at once. The Spanish forest based industry was changing and new opportunities were being created. The needs for good quality seedlings came as a great opportunity, both for industrial production forests or ornamental purposes. The clonal propagation was definitively a winning method for seedling production. Mechanized harvesting was also implemented very fast in Spain, just in a couple of years. Furthermore, the rural farmers were accepting without restrictions to plant Eucalyptus: the "blessed-tree" was being finally accepted and had become winner in the controversy conflict. GIT-Forestry found its chance to grow. Today, Gus' company has a team of 4 forest engineers and agronomists, working in a cooperative manner in an office oriented to forestry and agricultural services.

In regard to the Eucalyptus, and thanks to his services with GIT-Forestry, the following great lines of achievements were reached in recent years:

• species identification for the great majority of the Eucalyptus cultivated in Northern Spain, no matter whether in gardens, arboretum, tree collections, forest plantations, etc.;
• evaluation of the importance and potentials of the Eucalyptus as a forest and industrial resource to the country, with the trends to grow;
• re-collection of seeds for the dominant Eucalyptus species and ecotypes growing in the region;
• evaluation and imports of improved Eucalyptus genotypes;
• optimization of the nursery techniques, enabling the production of more than 30 Eucalyptus species with industrial, agricultural and ornamental potential in addition to those species already in use in the region;
• Eucalyptus seedling exports to other European Union countries, from 2004 onwards.
GIT Forestry activities are sustained in three pillars:
• promotion of Eucalyptus tree productive plantations in a sustainable manner, following good silvicultural management techniques applicable to each kind of end-product: pulp fiber, solid timber and energetic fuel biomass.
• development and transfer of new technology including forest tree breeding to the small and medium sized rural farmers, and to the forest services companies acting in the business;
• development and promotion of the Eucalyptus as ornamental plants to the market.

Please, have a look at the GIT Forestry website to better know Gustavo Iglesias, a dedicated friend of the Eucalyptus in Spain: http://www.git-forestry.com. I hope you may also have a chance to know the Eucalyptic Photo Gallery in:
http://git-forestry.com/gallery.htm

Please, also visit some of his online publications:

Eucalyptus planting.
http://www.git-forestry.com/EucalyptusEarlyGrowth01.htm

Eucalyptus silviculture.
http://www.git-forestry.com/EucalyptusEarlyGrowth02.htm

Early silvicultural operations in Eucalyptus - Pruning E.nitens.
http://www.git-forestry.com/EucalyptusEarlyGrowth04.htm

Some giant Eucalyptus.
http://www.git-forestry.com/OldEucalyptusGlobulus.htm

The "Karri Knight: the tallest tree in Europe?
http://www.git-forestry.com/OldEucalyptusGlobulus.htm

Ornamental Eucalyptus.
http://git-forestry.com/OrnamentalEucalyptusWorldwideBARK.htm

However, in my opinion, the Gustavo's major and magnificent contribution to the Eucalyptus is his blog Eucalyptologics. The blog is the result of the need Gus had early identified in his professional career: the lack of reliable and honest source of information about the Eucalyptus to the general Society. Eucalyptologics is still a child in the blogosphere: it has about one year of age, leaving the "test tube stage" in the last quarter of 2007. However, everything is very fast in the digital age. This valuable information messenger is now reaching 92 countries through the registered people. The trend is to grow even further.

Eucalyptologics has come to life due to the feelings Gustavo had in his career that Society was not being appropriately informed about the Eucalyptus. The lack of information was enormous, mainly to the people not acquainted to scientific reading. With the growth and simplicity of the information technology, Gustavo had the belief that he could fulfill this room, supplying clear and honest information, specially to the farmers and other interested parties in the communities. GIT efforts in this regard is to provide good quality information, no matter if developed by their own, or by third parties (available in the web, or generated by the science). The blog has the aim to reach a wide variety of readers: ornamental plant lovers; rural farmers interested to plant trees; industrial companies needing the Eucalyptus as raw materials, and the Society consumers demanding more knowledge about the products being manufactured thanks to the Eucalyptus. The objective is to make justice to the Eucalyptus, placing them in the right position they deserve as source of renewable, sustainable and recyclable resources to Mankind. Furthermore, the Eucalyptus businesses are also important generators of job positions to the people in Society. Gustavo has several good examples about how many people have changed viewpoints about the Eucalyptus. Several farmers, by lack of knowledge, were used to consider the Eucalyptus as a pest or a weed. Now, they have turned position: they are planting, defending and promoting the Eucalyptus because the economic advantages and by the social and environmental positive aspects they know about them. Gustavo hopes that more cases like these may continue to come, as a result of his efforts. He is always in search of partners to fulfill his objectives, among them our inter-link between http://www.eucalyptus.com.br and Eucalyptologics. Gustavo has a special consideration to Dr. John Purse, another Eucalyptus' friend from United Kingdom, owner of the Primabio company and website (http://www.primabio.co.uk).

When I asked a question about his future dreams he told me he would very much like to travel worldwide taking pictures of Eucalyptus trees, no matter where they could be found. He defines himself as a "tree hunter", but to admire and to photograph them. He mention to be sorry that Antarctica is not in his travel plans, since there are no Eucalyptus there (until now, I guess!).

Please, visit the blog Eucalyptologics in the following address:
http://git-forestry-blog.blogspot.com

When I asked him to tell me something important he had done to the Eucalyptus he replied to me with a parable, and I'm sharing it with you:

"I collected seeds from a tree someone else had planted, and I said thanks. I planted these seeds, I saw them germinating. I provided water and light to the just born seedlings; and I said again, thanks. I was able to see the trees growing, and they were so high, reaching the sky. Once more, I said thanks. I harvested the trees, I converted the wood in lumber, furniture and an ark. Someone is to use it as my coffin someday in the future, I hope late, thanks to God. The seeds from those trees were also disseminated throughout the world. Earlier, during and later. And I was proud to say thanks again. Life is a cultivation cycle. Seed ideas. Someone, somewhere in some moment is to harvest them"

Thanks Gus for your magnificent work in favor of and in benefit to the Eucalyptus.

Online Technical References

In this section, we are offering some very good euca-links with relevant publications available in the virtual world wide web library. You have only to click the URLs addresses to open the documents and/or to save them. Since they are references, we are not responsible for the opinion of the corresponding authors. However, believe me, they are valuable references that should be watched carefully, since they are very much connected with the Eucalyptus. In this section, we are trying to balance recent and historical publications, those that are helping to build the foundations and the history of the Eucalyptus forestry, environment, industrial utilization, and many other areas related to these magic trees.

"Fazenda Legal" - (Portuguese)
A handbook edited in 2007 by the Agricultural Federation of the State of Rio de Janeiro. The aim is to provide guidance to rural farmers in environmental and social issues to allow a more sustainable agriculture. 72 pp.
http://www.faerj.com.br/TELAS/FazLegal/downloads/Cartilha%20Ambiental.pdf

"Reflexoes sobre um Futuro Viavel" - (Portuguese)
A celebration issue of the BRACELPA magazine (Brazilian Association of Pulp and Paper) dedicated to the Bracelpa Sustainable Development Award to Journalists. The magazine shows a series of landmark articles written by renowned journalists and thinkers with reflections about the social-environmental development of the country. The selected authors were as follows: Jacques Marcovitch, Aldem Bourscheit, Sergio Adeodato, Jaime Klintowitz, Sandra Balbi, Renata Brasileiro and Maristela Crispim. 52 pp. (2007)
http://www.bracelpa.org.br/bra/revista/pdf/revista_bracelpa.pdf

"Plan de Manejo de Residuos Industriales - Celulosa Arauco Planta Licancel" - (Spanish)
A well-detailed plan to minimize the impacts of the solid wastes generation at Licancel mill, one of the Celulosa Arauco y Constitución company in Chile. An excellent description of the pulp process and the points of wastes generation is provided, together with the measures of preventing and managing them. The same type of document Arauco has to the other mills using Eucalyptus as fibrous raw material, as Nueva Aldea and Valdivia mills. 87 pp. (2005)
https://www.e-seia.cl/archivos/Plan_de_Manejo___Licancel_Final.pdf

"La Receta de la Sostenibilidad Papelera" - (Spanish)
Excellent and well-illustrated document edited by ASPAPEL - The Spanish Association of Pulp, Paper and Cartonboard Manufacturers, showing the sustainability of the paper production chain in Spain. 82 pp. (2008)
http://www.aspapel.es/memoria_final.pdf

"Manual de Silvicultura para Pequenos Propietarios y Familia Campesina" - (Spanish)
A guidebook provided by CORMA - Chilean Wood Corporation to the rural farmers in Chile who are planting forests as promoted by the program "Bosques para Chile - Forests for Chile". 31 pp. (Undated)
http://www.cormabiobio.cl/6accionar/bibliotecas/documentos/Manual%20Silvicultura%20Corma.pdf

"Sustainability of Forest Plantations" - (English)
A great study written by Julian Evans through the UK Department of International Development, United Kingdom, with the purpose to help developing countries with their plantation forests programs. 35 pp. (1999)
http://www.riverpath.com/library/pdf/sustainability_of_plantation_forestry.pdf

"Biological Sustainability of Productivity in Successive Rotations" - (English)
Also, a study by Julian Evans to the FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization with the aim to show the effects of the continuous utilization of the same soil by pine, teak and fir plantations in some selected countries.
ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/006/ac122e/ac122e00.pdf

"Plantation Improvements Using Cloning Propagation - An overview of the latest technology in Australia" - (English)
An article by Peter Radke and Ann Radke presented at the Congress "Prospects for High-Value Hardwood Timber Plantation in the Dry Tropics of Northern Australia". 14 pp. (2004)
http://www.plantations2020.com.au/reports/pfnq/acrobat/3-2_radke_radke.pdf

"Fiber Atlas - Identification of Papermaking Fibers" - (English)
A classic book about the microscopic identification of pulp fibers, written by M.S. Ilvessalo-Pfaffli and published by Springer-Verlag in 1995. Now, the book is being made available through Google Books. However, not all 400 pages are available, but the sections you are able to read are fantastic, specially to those who love wood and fiber anatomy.
http://books.google.com.br/books?id=jVXarsglcXgC&dq=vasicentric&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0